The Southern Cone Model Research Paper
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Description
The Southern Cone Model Research Paper
Instructions
After reading chapter two in our book, choose a region for which you would like to do further research. The regions, studied are the Amazon Basin, Rural Amerindian, Mixed Mestizo, Tropical Plantation, and Southern Cone.
For the chosen region write a paper with the following subheadings: region’s main ethnic composition, main economic activities, important companies (location, number of employees, financial performance, regional impact, etc), the business culture of the region, and ease of doing business.
Chapter 2
Objectives:
- Outline the main cultural realms of South America.
- Describe each realm’s main ethnic majority and explain how colonialism affected each region.
- Debate current issues related to the economic and political conditions of each cultural regions, like technological development, deforestation, and the rights of indigenous groups.
Regions of South America
It is impossible to understand the current conditions in South America without first understanding what occurred to create those conditions. This is why studying European colonialism is so important. Colonialism changed the ethnicity, religion, language, and economic activities of the people in South America. The past five hundred years have tempered, stretched, and molded the current states and regions of the South American continent. To identify standards of living, ethnic majorities, and economic conditions, it is helpful to map out South America’s various cultural regions.
In South America, five main cultural regions indicate the majority ethnic groups and the main economic activities:
- Tropical PlantationRegion
- Rural AmerindianRegion
- Amazon Basin
- Mixed Mestizo Region
- European Commercial Region (Southern Cone)
These are generalized regions that provide a basic understanding of the whole continent. Technological advancements and globalization haveincreased the integration of the continent to the point that these regions are not as delineated as they once were, but they still provide a context in which to comprehend the ethnic and cultural differences that exist within the realm.
Tropical Plantation Region
Salvador, Brazil, is located along the coastal region of South America where the Tropical Plantation Region was prominent. Most people in this region are of African descent.
Located along the north and east coast of South America, the Tropical Plantation Region resembles the Caribbean rim land in its culture and economic activity. The region, which extends as far south as the Tropic of Capricorn, has a tropical climate and an agricultural economy. Europeans opened up this area for plantation agriculture because of coastal access for ships and trade. The local people were forced into slavery, but when the local people died off or escaped, millions of African slaves were brought in to replace them. After slavery was abolished, indentured servants from Asia were brought to the Guianas to work the plantations. The Tropical Plantation Region has a high percentage of people of African or Asian descent.
Rural Amerindian Region
Figure 2-4 The Amerindian woman and child in this photo live in the Sacred Valley of the Andes in Peru.
The Rural Amerindian Region includes the countries of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. The ruling Mestizo class that inherited control from the European conquistadors mainly lives in urban areas. Most of the rural Amerindian population lives in mountainous areas with type H climates and ekes out a hard living in subsistence agriculture. This is one of the poorest regions of South America, and land and politics are controlled by powerful elites. The extraction of gold and silver has not benefited the local Amerindian majority, which holds to local customs and speaks local languages.
The Amazon Basin
The Amazon Basin, is the least-densely populated region of South America and is home to isolated Amerindian groups. Development has encroached upon the region in the forms of deforestation, mining, and cattle ranching. Large deposits of iron ore, along with gold and other minerals, have been found in the Amazon Basin. Preservation of the tropical rain forest of this remote region has been hampered by the destructive pattern of development that has pushed into the region. The future of the basin is unclear because of development patterns that are expected to continue as Brazil seeks to exploit its interior peripheral region. Conflicts over land claims and the autonomy of Amerindian groups are on the rise.
Mixed Mestizo Region
The Mixed Mestizo Region includes the coastal area of the west and the interior highlands of the north and east. This region between the Tropical Plantation Region and the Rural Amerindian Region includes a majority of people who share a mixed European and Amerindian ethnicity. It is not as poor as the Rural Amerindian Region and yet not as wealthy as the European-dominated region to the south. Paraguay falls into the Mixed Mestizo Region, as do other portions of other South American countries such as parts of Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. Paraguay is mainly Mestizo, but its economic qualities resemble that of the Rural Amerindian Region to the north, even though Paraguay is not located in the mountains.
European Commercial Region (Southern Cone)
The southern part of South America, called the European Commercial Region or the Southern Cone, includes Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and parts of Brazil. European ethnic groups dominate this region and include not only Spanish and Portuguese but also German, Austrian, Italian, and other European ethnic heritages. Fertile soils and European trade provided early economic growth, and the region attracted industry and manufacturing in the later decades of the twentieth century. There are not many Amerindians or people of African descent here. More than 90 percent of all the people in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay are of European descent and live in urban areas. With a highly urbanized population and with trade connections to a globalized economy, it is no surprise that the Southern Cone is home to South America’s most developed economies.
https://open.lib.umn.edu/worldgeography/chapter/6-1-introducing-the-realm/ (OER: Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License)